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1. Which of the following units is used to measure electric current?

(A) Volts

(B) Watts

(C) Amperes

(D) Ohms

2. What is the SI unit of force?

(A) Newton

(B) Joule

(C) Watt

(D) Kilogram

3. Which of the following is a scalar quantity?

(A) Velocity

(B) Acceleration

(C) Mass

(D) Force

4. Which of the following is not a form of energy?

(A) Light

(B) Sound

(C) Force

(D) Heat

5. What does the acronym LASER stand for?

(A) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

(B) Light Amplification by Synchronized Emission of Radiation

(C) Laser Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Rays

(D) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Rays

6. What is the name of the process by which plants make their food?

(A) Respiration

(B) Transpiration

(C) Photosynthesis

(D) Digestion

7. What is the unit of electrical resistance?

(A) Volts

(B) Ohms

(C) Amperes

(D) Watts

8. Which of the following statements about magnets is true?

(A) Unlike poles attract each other

(B) Like poles attract each other

(C) All magnets have only one pole

(D) Magnets are attracted to non-magnetic materials only

9. Which law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?

(A) Newton's First Law of Motion

(B) Newton's Second Law of Motion

(C) Newton's Third Law of Motion

(D) Law of Universal Gravitation

10. What type of waves are used in radar systems?

(A) Infrared waves

(B) Ultraviolet waves

(C) Microwaves

(D) Radio waves

11. Which of the following is an example of a non-contact force?

(A) Friction

(B) Tension

(C) Gravity

(D) Magnetic force

12. What happens to the resistance of a wire if its length is doubled while keeping its cross-sectional area constant?

(A) It doubles

(B) It halves

(C) It quadruples

(D) It remains the same

13. Which of the following statements about waves is correct?

(A) Sound waves cannot travel through vacuum

(B) Light waves are mechanical waves

(C) Longitudinal waves have particles oscillating perpendicular to the direction of wave motion

(D) Electromagnetic waves require a medium for propagation

14. What is the law of conservation of energy?

(A) Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred or transformed

(B) Energy can be created from nothing

(C) Energy can be destroyed when work is done

(D) Energy always increases in any process

15. Which of the following statements about nuclear fission is true?

(A) It involves the combination of two small nuclei to form a larger nucleus

(B) It releases energy when heavy nuclei split into smaller nuclei

(C) It is the process that powers the Sun

(D) It does not release any radiation

16. What is the SI unit of power?

(A) Watt (W)

(B) Joule (J)

(C) Volt (V)

(D) Ampere (A)

17. Which of the following statements about static electricity is true?

(A) It only occurs in insulators

(B) It is caused by the flow of electrons

(C) Like charges attract and unlike charges repel

(D) It is the result of the transfer of electric charge between objects

18. What happens to the speed of sound in air if the temperature increases?

(A) It increases

(B) It decreases

(C) It remains the same

(D) It depends on the frequency of the sound

19. Which of the following statements about waves is correct?

(A) Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other

(B) Amplitude is the distance between two consecutive crests of a wave

(C) The speed of a wave depends on its frequency

(D) Transverse waves require a medium for propagation

20. What is the formula to calculate the density of an object?

(A) Density = Mass × Volume

(B) Density = Volume ÷ Mass

(C) Density = Mass ÷ Volume

(D) Density = Mass + Volume

21. Which of the following is a scalar quantity?

(A) Velocity

(B) Acceleration

(C) Force

(D) Temperature

22. What type of lens is used to correct hyperopia (long-sightedness)?

(A) Convex lens

(B) Concave lens

(C) Plano-concave lens

(D) Plano-convex lens

23. Which of the following is not a renewable energy resource?

(A) Solar energy

(B) Wind energy

(C) Nuclear energy

(D) Hydroelectric energy

24. What is the law of reflection?

(A) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction

(B) The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection

(C) The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of refraction

(D) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

25. Which of the following is not a component of the electromagnetic spectrum?

(A) X-rays

(B) Sound waves

(C) Microwaves

(D) Gamma rays

26. What is the primary function of the nucleus in an atom?

(A) It contains the electrons

(B) It provides stability to the atom

(C) It contains the protons and neutrons

(D) It determines the chemical properties of the atom

27. Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction?

(A) Melting ice

(B) Burning wood

(C) Evaporating water

(D) Dissolving salt in water

28. What is the role of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

(A) To convert electrical energy into mechanical energy

(B) To increase the voltage of an alternating current

(C) To store electrical energy temporarily

(D) To regulate the flow of electrical current

29. Which of the following materials is a good conductor of electricity?

(A) Rubber

(B) Glass

(C) Copper

(D) Plastic

30. Which of the following statements about electromagnetic waves is correct?

(A) They require a medium for propagation

(B) They can travel through a vacuum

(C) Their speed decreases with increasing frequency

(D) Their speed is independent of wavelength

31. What is the main advantage of using renewable energy sources?

(A) They are cheap to implement

(B) They produce large amounts of pollution

(C) They are inexhaustible

(D) They are always available

32. What happens to the resistance of a conductor if its temperature increases?

(A) It decreases

(B) It remains the same

(C) It increases

(D) It depends on the material of the conductor

33. What is the law of conservation of momentum?

(A) The total momentum of a closed system is constant if no external forces act on it

(B) Momentum is always created in collisions

(C) Momentum is always destroyed in collisions

(D) Momentum is only conserved in elastic collisions

34. Which of the following is not a type of nuclear radiation?

(A) Alpha particles

(B) Beta particles

(C) Gamma rays

(D) X-rays

35. What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?

(A) To regulate the flow of electrical current

(B) To increase the voltage of the circuit

(C) To protect the circuit from overload currents

(D) To store electrical energy temporarily

36. Which of the following statements about waves is true?

(A) Amplitude is the number of waves passing a point per second

(B) Frequency is the distance between two consecutive crests of a wave

(C) Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive troughs of a wave

(D) Speed is the number of oscillations per second

37. What is the function of the retina in the human eye?

(A) To focus incoming light rays

(B) To regulate the amount of light entering the eye

(C) To convert light energy into electrical signals

(D) To refract light to form an image on the lens

38. Which of the following is not a method of heat transfer?

(A) Conduction

(B) Convection

(C) Expansion

(D) Radiation

39. What is the relationship between the frequency and wavelength of a wave?

(A) They are directly proportional

(B) They are inversely proportional

(C) They are unrelated

(D) They are equal

40. Which of the following statements about the kinetic theory of matter is true?

(A) It states that matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms

(B) It explains the behavior of matter in terms of the motion of its particles

(C) It applies only to solids and liquids, not gases

(D) It suggests that matter has no internal energy

41. What is the purpose of a concave mirror?

(A) To produce a magnified, virtual image

(B) To produce a diminished, real image

(C) To produce a magnified, real image

(D) To produce a diminished, virtual image

42. Which of the following statements about electric circuits is correct?

(A) Current is the rate of flow of electric charge and is measured in volts

(B) Voltage is the energy transferred per unit charge and is measured in amperes

(C) Resistance is the potential difference across a component and is measured in ohms

(D) Power is the product of current and resistance and is measured in watts

43. What is the law of conservation of charge?

(A) Charge cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred

(B) Charge can be created from nothing

(C) Charge can be destroyed when work is done

(D) Charge always increases in any process

44. Which of the following is an example of an insulator?

(A) Copper

(B) Silver

(C) Wood

(D) Aluminum

45. What is the principle behind the operation of a transformer?

(A) Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction

(B) Ohm's law

(C) Newton's third law of motion

(D) Archimedes' principle

46. What is the purpose of a diode in an electrical circuit?

(A) To control the flow of current in one direction

(B) To amplify electrical signals

(C) To store electrical energy temporarily

(D) To regulate the voltage in the circuit

47. Which of the following is a characteristic of a converging lens?

(A) It always produces a virtual image

(B) It always produces an upright image

(C) It can produce either real or virtual images depending on the object distance

(D) It can only produce real images

48. What is the process by which a substance changes from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid phase called?

(A) Melting

(B) Freezing

(C) Sublimation

(D) Condensation

49. What is the SI unit of measurement for acceleration?

(A) Newton (N)

(B) Meter per second squared (m/s^2)

(C) Joule (J)

(D) Watt (W)

50. Energy Resources and Transfers:What is the main disadvantage of fossil fuels as energy resources?

(A) They are expensive to extract

(B) They release harmful pollutants when burned

(C) They are renewable and sustainable

(D) They are abundant in supply

51. Electricity and Circuits: What happens to the total resistance in a parallel circuit as more resistors are added?

(A) It increases

(B) It decreases

(C) It remains the same

(D) It depends on the type of resistors used

52. Waves: What is the relationship between the frequency and energy of a wave?

(A) They are directly proportional

(B) They are inversely proportional

(C) They are unrelated

(D) They are equal

53. Electromagnetism: What is the principle behind the operation of an electric motor?

(A) Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction

(B) Ohm's law

(C) Newton's third law of motion

(D) Archimedes' principle

54. Nuclear Physics: What is the process by which a radioactive nucleus emits an alpha particle?

(A) Alpha decay

(B) Beta decay

(C) Gamma decay

(D) Electron capture

55. Optics: What type of lens is used to correct myopia (short-sightedness)?

(A) Convex lens

(B) Concave lens

(C) Plano-concave lens

(D) Plano-convex lens

56. Heat Transfer: Which method of heat transfer does not require a medium for propagation?

(A) Conduction

(B) Convection

(C) Radiation

(D) Conduction and convection both require a medium

57. Kinetic Theory of Matter: What is the SI unit of temperature?

(A) Kelvin (K)

(B) Celsius (°C)

(C) Fahrenheit (°F)

(D) Joule (J)

58. Properties of Matter (Density): What is the formula for calculating density?

(A) Density = Mass × Volume

(B) Density = Volume ÷ Mass

(C) Density = Mass ÷ Volume

(D) Density = Mass + Volume

59. Forces and Motion: What is the formula to calculate momentum?

(A) Momentum = Mass × Velocity

(B) Momentum = Mass ÷ Velocity

(C) Momentum = Force × Time

(D) Momentum = Force ÷ Time

60. Energy Resources and Transfers: Which energy resource is considered renewable and is generated from the movement of air?

(A) Solar energy

(B) Wind energy

(C) Geothermal energy

(D) Biomass energy

61. Electricity and Circuits: What is the function of a resistor in an electrical circuit?

(A) To increase current flow

(B) To decrease voltage

(C) To regulate current flow

(D) To store electrical energy

62. Waves: What property of a wave determines its loudness in sound waves?

(A) Amplitude

(B) Frequency

(C) Wavelength

(D) Velocity

63. Electromagnetism: What is the relationship between the magnetic field strength and the distance from a current-carrying wire?

(A) Inversely proportional

(B) Directly proportional

(C) No relationship

(D) Exponential relationship

64. Nuclear Physics: What type of radioactive decay involves the emission of high-energy photons?

(A) Alpha decay

(B) Beta decay

(C) Gamma decay

(D) Neutron decay

65. Optics: Which type of lens can be used to produce a virtual, upright image?

(A) Convex lens

(B) Concave lens

(C) Both convex and concave lenses

(D) Neither convex nor concave lenses

66. Heat Transfer: Which method of heat transfer occurs through the movement of fluids?

(A) Conduction

(B) Convection

(C) Radiation

(D) Both conduction and radiation

67. Kinetic Theory of Matter: What is the state of matter characterized by having definite shape and volume?

(A) Solid

(B) Liquid

(C) Gas

(D) Plasma

68. Properties of Matter (Density): If the mass of an object increases while its volume remains constant, what happens to its density?

(A) Increases

(B) Decreases

(C) Remains constant

(D) Cannot be determined

69. Properties of Matter (Density): What is the density of water in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³)?

(A) 1 g/cm³

(B) 5 g/cm³

(C) 10 g/cm³

(D) 20 g/cm³

70. Kinetic Theory of Matter: What happens to the volume of a gas when its temperature is increased while keeping the pressure constant?

(A) Increases

(B) Decreases

(C) Remains constant

(D) Depends on the type of gas

71. Nuclear Physics: What is the process by which a heavy nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei?

(A) Nuclear fusion

(B) Nuclear fission

(C) Radioactive decay

(D) Neutron capture

72. Electromagnetism: What determines the strength of the magnetic field produced by an electromagnet?

(A) Voltage

(B) Current

(C) Resistance

(D) Capacitance

73. Waves: Which type of wave requires a medium for propagation?

(A) Transverse wave

(B) Longitudinal wave

(C) Electromagnetic wave

(D) Mechanical wave

74. Energy Resources and Transfers: Which energy resource involves capturing energy from sunlight and converting it into electricity?

(A) Solar energy

(B) Geothermal energy

(C) Biomass energy

(D) Nuclear energy

75. Density: A block of aluminum has a mass of 500 grams and a volume of 250 cm³. Calculate the density of aluminum in g/cm³.

(A) 0.5 g/cm³

(B) 2 g/cm³

(C) 1.25 g/cm³

(D) 5 g/cm³

76. Pressure in Fluids: A hydraulic press has an input piston with an area of 50 cm² and an output piston with an area of 200 cm². If a force of 200 N is applied to the input piston, what is the force exerted by the output piston?

(A) 50 N

(B) 100 N

(C) 400 N

(D) 800 N

77. Gas Laws: A gas occupies a volume of 4.0 liters at a pressure of 1.0 atm. If the temperature is increased to 400 K while keeping the pressure constant, what will be the new volume of the gas? (R = 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)

(A) 2.0 liters

(B) 4.0 liters

(C) 8.0 liters

(D) 16.0 liters

78. Density: A sphere has a density of 3 g/cm³. If the sphere has a radius of 5 cm, what is the mass of the sphere? (Use the formula: Volume of sphere = (4/3) × π × r³)

(A) 150 g

(B) 250 g

(C) 375 g

(D) 500 g

79. Pressure in Fluids: A column of water in a U-shaped tube has a height of 80 cm. If the density of water is 1000 kg/m³, what is the pressure exerted by the water at the bottom of the column? (Take g = 10 m/s²)

(A) 8 Pa

(B) 80 Pa

(C) 800 Pa

(D) 8000 Pa

80. Gas Laws: According to Charles's law, if the temperature of a gas is doubled while keeping the pressure constant, what will happen to the volume of the gas?

(A) It will double

(B) It will triple

(C) It will halve

(D) It will remain the same

81. Density: A rectangular prism has dimensions of 10 cm × 5 cm × 3 cm and a mass of 600 grams. What is the density of the material in g/cm³?

(A) 0.1 g/cm³

(B) 1.0 g/cm³

(C) 2.0 g/cm³

(D) 3.0 g/cm³

82. Pressure in Fluids: A gas exerts a pressure of 2.5 atm inside a container. If the volume of the container is reduced to half while keeping the temperature constant, what will be the new pressure of the gas?

(A) 1.25 atm

(B) 2.5 atm

(C) 5 atm

(D) 10 atm

83. Gas Laws: Boyle's law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature. If the volume of a gas is reduced to one-third of its original volume while keeping the pressure constant, what will happen to the volume?

(A) It will triple

(B) It will double

(C) It will halve

(D) It will remain the same

84. Density: A cylinder has a radius of 2 cm and a height of 10 cm. If the cylinder is made of a material with a density of 4 g/cm³, what is the mass of the cylinder?

(A) 40 g

(B) 80 g

(C) 160 g

(D) 320 g

85. What happens to the arrangement of particles in a substance when it changes from a solid to a liquid?

(A) The particles become more tightly packed together.

(B) The particles become less tightly packed together.

(C) The particles gain kinetic energy.

(D) The particles lose kinetic energy.

86. Which of the following best describes the motion of particles in a gas?

(A) Random and tightly packed

(B) Random and spaced far apart

(C) Regular and tightly packed

(D) Regular and spaced far apart

87. What term describes the process by which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase?

(A) Freezing

(B) Condensation

(C) Sublimation

(D) Evaporation

88. In which state of matter do particles have the least amount of kinetic energy?

(A) Solid

(B) Liquid

(C) Gas

(D) Plasma

89. What happens to the density of a substance as it changes from a liquid to a gas?

(A) It increases

(B) It decreases

(C) It remains the same

(D) It varies depending on the substance

90. According to the kinetic theory of matter, what happens to the average kinetic energy of particles when the temperature of a substance is increased?

(A) It decreases

(B) It remains the same

(C) It varies depending on the substance

(D) It increases

91. Which of the following is an example of a substance that undergoes sublimation at room temperature and pressure?

(A) Water

(B) Carbon dioxide

(C) Ethanol

(D) Mercury

92. What term describes the process by which a gas changes to a liquid?

(A) Melting

(B) Freezing

(C) Condensation

(D) Sublimation

93. What is the state of matter characterized by having a definite shape and volume?

(A) Gas

(B) Liquid

(C) Solid

(D) Plasma

94. What happens to the pressure of a gas if its volume is decreased while keeping the temperature constant?

(A) It decreases

(B) It increases

(C) It remains the same

(D) It varies depending on the gas

95. What is specific heat capacity a measure of?

(A) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1°C

(B) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of the substance by 1°C

(C) The rate at which a substance conducts heat

(D) The rate at which a substance radiates heat

96. Which of the following best describes the process of convection?

(A) Transfer of heat through direct contact between objects

(B) Transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves

(C) Transfer of heat by the movement of fluid particles

(D) Transfer of heat by the movement of solid particles

97. A double-glazed window reduces heat loss mainly by:

(A) Conduction

(B) Convection

(C) Radiation

(D) Insulation

98. Which of the following materials is the poorest conductor of heat?

(A) Aluminum

(B) Silver

(C) Glass

(D) Styrofoam (polystyrene)

99. A shiny aluminum foil reflects heat mainly by:

(A) Conduction

(B) Convection

(C) Radiation

(D) Insulation

100. Which of the following statements best describes how insulation works to reduce heat transfer?

(A) Insulation absorbs heat and stores it within its structure.

(B) Insulation slows down the movement of heat through convection.

(C) Insulation reflects heat back into the environment.

(D) Insulation creates a barrier that reduces the flow of heat by conduction and convection.

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